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Background: The acronym TORCH was introduced in 1971 by Nahmias et al. to highlight a group of viral diseases which affect the foetus and newborn, namely Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV). These diseases often lead to a similar clinical picture which includes one or more of the following clinical signs: low birth weight, prematurity, purpura, jaundice, anemia, microcephaly, hydrocephaly, cerebral calcification, chorioretinitis, cataracts, microphthalmia, and pneumonitis. TORCH screening is now widely requested by clinicians investigating infants and pregnant women for congenital, perinatal and neonatal infections.
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